scipy.fft is Python’s go-to module for converting signals between time and frequency domains. It handles FFT operations, frequency analysis, and signal filtering with better performance than numpy.fft, especially for multi-dimensional arrays. I switched to scipy.fft after numpy.fft was too slow…
Your chatbot can’t answer questions about your company’s internal docs. Your AI assistant hallucinates facts instead of checking your knowledge base. Sound familiar? RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) solves this by connecting your LLM to actual documents, so it answers based…
Want to add ChatGPT, image generation, and AI capabilities to your Python apps? The OpenAI Python SDK makes this straightforward. In this guide, you’ll build AI-powered features—from chat interfaces to semantic search—using Python 3.13 and the latest SDK patterns. What…
Python’s datetime module handles date and time operations through five core classes. The datetime.datetime class represents a specific point in time with year, month, day, hour, minute, second, and microsecond precision. The date class stores calendar dates without time information.…
The pandas groupby method implements the split-apply-combine pattern, a fundamental data analysis technique that divides your dataset into groups, applies functions to each group independently, and merges the results into a unified output. This approach mirrors SQL’s GROUP BY functionality…
Syntax: Example: The np.arange() function generates arrays with evenly spaced values within a specified interval. This NumPy function returns a one-dimensional ndarray containing sequential values based on the parameters you provide. Understanding np.arange parameters The np.arange() method accepts up to…
List comprehension python provides a single-line mechanism to construct new lists by applying operations to each element in an existing iterable. The syntax consists of square brackets containing an expression, followed by a for clause that iterates through a source…
The python sorted function returns a new list containing all elements from any iterable arranged in ascending order. Unlike the sort() method that modifies lists in place, sorted() creates a fresh list while preserving your original data structure. This distinction…
The python map function applies a transformation to every element in an iterable without writing explicit loops. You pass a function and one or more iterables, and map returns an iterator containing transformed values. Understanding how python map processes data…
The AND operator in Python evaluates multiple conditions and returns True only when all conditions evaluate to True. This logical operator forms the backbone of conditional logic across Python programs, from simple validation checks to complex decision trees. How the…